Exploring courage and compassion in social work
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11157/anzswj-vol36iss4id1163Keywords:
Courage, Compassion, Social workAbstract
INTRODUCTION: Both courage and compassion can contribute to the process of managing adverse situations in social work, particularly where there are high levels of distress or confronting behaviour. Courage can enable social workers to enter and remain engaged in these situations, while compassion can be considered essential to support the relational work required to increase safety and contribute to sustained change. These concepts can also support social worker safety and wellbeing, helping mitigate the emotional impacts of the work.
APPROACH: This article defines and explores the potential application of both courage and compassion to social work practice. The potential contribution of both concepts to sustaining social worker wellbeing, safe practice and personal growth are also identified. The intention of the article is to invite further discussion and articulation of these concepts in social work practice.
CONCLUSIONS: Courage and compassion can offer ways to support social workers to be steadfast in their practice, while developing relationships that can contribute to increased wellbeing and safety for both themselves and others. This, in turn, can bring profound rewards through the experiences of vicarious resilience, compassion satisfaction, and even post-traumatic growth. Further application and discussion of these concepts within social work is warranted.
References
Adamson, C., Beddoe, L., & Davys, A. (2014). Building resilient practitioners: Definitions and practitioner understandings. British Journal of Social Work, 44, 522–541.
Aotearoa New Zealand Association of Social Workers. (2019). Ngā Tikanga Matatika Pou (Code of ethics values). https://www.anzasw.nz/code-of-ethics/#:~:text=We%20act%20towards%20others%20with,acknowledge%20boundaries%20and%20meet%20obligations
Beddoe, L. (2009). Creating continuous conversation: Social workers and learning organizations. Social Work Education: The International Journal, 28(7), 722–736 https://doi.org/10.1080/02615470802570828
Beddoe, L., Ferguson, H., Warwick, L, Disney, T., Leigh, J., & Cooner, T. S. (2021). Supervision in child protection: A space and place for reflection or an excruciating marathon of compliance? European Journal of Social Work, 25(3), 525–537. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691457.2021.1964443
Collins, S. (2023). Social workers and compassion. Routledge.
Currier, J. M., Drescher, K. D., & Nieuwsma, J. A. (Eds.). (2021). Addressing moral injury in clinical practice. American Psychological Association.
Fantus, S., Greenberg, R. A., Muskat, B., & Katz, D. (2017). Exploring moral distress for hospital social workers. The British Journal of Social Work, 47(8), 2273–2290. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcw113
Ferguson, H., Disney, T., Warwick, L., Leigh, J., Cooner, T. S., & Beddoe, L. (2020). Hostile relationships in social work practice: Anxiety, hate and conflict in long-term work with involuntary service users. Journal of Social Work Practice, 35(1), 19–37. https://doi.org/10.1080/02650533.2020.1834371
Finfgeld, D. L. (1995). Becoming and being courageous in the chronically ill elderly. Mental Health Nursing, 16(1), 1–11.
Frankl, V. E. (2006). Man's search for meaning. Beacon Press. Originally published 1946.
Halifax, J. (2008). Being with the dying: Cultivating compassion and fearlessness in the presence of death. Shambhala Publications.
Halifax, J. (2018). Standing at the edge. Finding freedom where fear and courage meet. Flatiron Books.
Hernandez-Wolfe, P., Killian, K., Engstrom, D., & Gangsei, D. (2015). Vicarious resilience, vicarious trauma, and awareness of equity in trauma work. The Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 55(2), 153–172. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022167814534322
Hochschild, A. R. (1983). The managed heart. University of California Press.
Jacob, J. D., Gagnon, M., Perron, A., & Canales, M. K. (2021). Revisiting the concept of othering: A structural analysis. Advances in Nursing Science, 44(4), 280–290. https://doi.org/10.1097/ANS.0000000000000353
Lester, P. B., Vogelgesang, G. R., Hannah, S. T., & Kimmey, T. (2010). Developing courage in followers: Theoretical and applied perspectives. In C. L. S. Pury & S. J. Lopez (Eds.), The psychology of courage: Modern research on an ancient virtue (pp. 187–207). American Psychological Association.
Mänttäri-van der Kuip, M. (2016). Moral distress among social workers: The role of insufficient resources. International Journal of Social Welfare, 25(1), 86–97. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijsw.12163
Mark, G. T., & Lyons, A. C. (2010). Māori healers' views on wellbeing: The importance of mind, body, spirit, family and land. Social Science & Medicine, 70(11), 1756-1764. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.02.001
McLachlan, A. D., Waitoki, W., Harris, P., & Jones, H. (2021). Whiti te rā: A guide to connecting Māori to traditional wellbeing pathways. Journal of Indigenous Wellbeing, 6(1), 78–97.
Morrison, T. (1993). The emotional effects of child protection work on the worker. Practice: Social Work in Action, 4(4), 253 - 271. http://www.informaworld.com/10.1080/09503159008416902
Munro, E. (2011). The Munro Report on Child Protection: A child centred system. London School of Economics and Political Science.
Nickson, A. M., Carter, M.-A., & Francis, A. P. (2020). Supervision and professional development in social work practice. Sage Publications.
Palma Contreras, A. M., & Pardo Adriasola, M. A. (2024). Moral distress in social work: A systematic literature review. The British Journal of Social Work, 54(7), 3053-3072. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcae078
Sewell, K. M., McMenemy, C., van Rensburg, M. J., & MacDonald, H. (2024). Organizational outcomes of supervision within human services: A scoping review. Human Service Organizations: Management, Leadership & Governance, 48(1), 19–42. https://doi.org/10.1080/23303131.2023.2226197
Singer, T., & Klimecki, O. M. (2014). Empathy and compassion. Current Biology, 24(18), R875–R878. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2014.06.054
St Luke’s Innovative Resources. (2001). Strength to strength course materials. St Luke’s Centre.
Strauss, C., Lever Taylor, B., Gu, J., Kuyken, W., Baer, R., Jones, F., & Cavanagh, K. (2016). What is compassion and how can we measure it? A review of definitions and measures. Clinical Psychology Review, 47, 15–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2016.05.004
Tanner, D. (2020). “The love that dare not speak its name”: The role of compassion in social work practice. The British Journal of Social Work, 50(6), 1688–1705. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcz127
Tedeschi, R. G. (2023). The post‐traumatic growth approach to psychological trauma. World Psychiatry, 22(2), 328–329. https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.21093.
Tosone, C., Nuttman-Shwartz, O., & Stephens, T. (2012). Shared trauma: When the professional is personal. Clinical Social Work Journal, 40(2), 231–239. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10615-012-0395-0
Tupou, A. E. L. (2019). Social workers’ experiences of ethical challenge and moral courage: To act or not to act? [Unpublished MSW thesis, University of Auckland]. https://researchspace.auckland.ac.nz/handle/2292/47108
Walton, D. N. (1986). Courage: A philosophical investigation. University of California Press.
Weld, N. (2019). Facing being on shaky ground: Exploring the concept of courage through older adults’ experiences of the Canterbury earthquakes. A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Social Work, the University of Auckland. https://researchspace.auckland.ac.nz/handle/2292/47502
Weld, N. (2023). Applying the therapeutic function of professional supervision. Attending to the emotional impacts of human service work. Routledge.
WorkSafe NZ. (2003). Healthy work. Managing stress and fatigue in the workplace. Occupational Safety and Health Service, Department of Labour, Wellington, New Zealand.
Winter, K., Morrison, F., Cree, V., Ruch, G., Hadfield, M., & Hallet, S. (2019). Emotional labour in social workers’ encounters with children and their families. British Journal of Social Work, 49(1), 217–233.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Aotearoa New Zealand Association of Social Workers
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
By completing the online submission process, you confirm you accept this agreement. The following is the entire agreement between you and the Aotearoa New Zealand Association of Social Workers (ANZASW) and it may be modified only in writing.
You and any co-authors
If you are completing this agreement on behalf of co-authors, you confirm that you are acting on their behalf with their knowledge.
First publication
By submitting the work you are:
- granting the ANZASW the right of first publication of this work;
- confirming that the work is original; and
- confirming that the work has not been published in any other form.
Once published, you are free to use the final, accepted version in any way, as outlined below under Copyright.
Copyright
You assign copyright in the final, accepted version of your article to the ANZASW. You and any co-authors of the article retain the right to be identified as authors of the work.
The ANZASW will publish the final, accepted manuscript under a Creative Commons Attribution licence (CC BY 4.0). This licence allows anyone – including you – to share, copy, distribute, transmit, adapt and make commercial use of the work without needing additional permission, provided appropriate attribution is made to the original author or source.
A human-readable summary of the licence is available from http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0, which includes a link to the full licence text.
Under this licence you can use the final, published version of the article freely – such as depositing a copy in your institutional research repository, uploading a copy to your profile on an academic networking site or including it in a different publication, such as a collection of articles on a topic or in conference proceedings – provided that original publication in Aotearoa New Zealand Social Work is acknowledged.
This agreement has no effect on any pre-publication versions or elements, which remain entirely yours, and to which we claim no right.
Reviewers hold copyright in their own comments and should not be further copied in any way without their permission.
The copyright of others
If your article includes the copyright material of others (e.g. graphs, diagrams etc.), you confirm that your use either:
- falls within the limits of fair dealing for the purposes of criticism and review or fair use; OR
- that you have gained permission from the rights holder for publication in an open access journal.