I just graduated—now what? A wero to social work education’s settler colonialism and White supremacy

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.11157/anzswj-vol37iss2id1270

Keywords:

settler colonialism, White supremacy, Social Work

Abstract

This article examines settler colonialism and White supremacy within social work education and practice in Aotearoa New Zealand through two social work graduates’ perspectives; Māori and Pākehā respectively. Despite the profession’s stated commitment to Te Tiriti o Waitangi, biculturalism and Pūao-te-Āta-tū (The Māori Perspective Advisory Committee, 1988), settler–colonial structures persistently shape and constrain it. For example, Pākehā frameworks are favoured over mātauranga (Māori knowledges), tikanga (customs) are settler colonial, cherry-picked, financial barriers limit minoritised social worker efforts and supposedly colour-blind health approaches conceal institutionally racist harms. Our wero to social work educators and regulators demands they choose between modern, colonial, tokenistic acknowledgement of mātauranga and non-Pākehā frameworks, or rejecting White supremacy and embodying biculturalism. We posit decolonisation demands not curriculum tweaks but biculturally advised reimagining and restructuring of how power operates within the social work profession. The future of ethical social work practice demands unflinching collective resistance to systems that perpetuate settler colonialism, uphold White supremacist ideologies, and continue to marginalise racialised communities.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biography

  • Eileen Joy, University of Auckland | Waipapa Taumata Rau
    • Sexuality
    • Feminism
    • LGBTQ
    • Attachment 
    • Neuroscience
    • Epigenetics
    • Thematic Analysis
    • Child protection
    • Intersectionality
    • Critical theory 

References

Aotearoa New Zealand Association for Social Workers. (2019). Ngā tikanga matatika code of ethics. https://www.anzasw.nz/code-of-ethics/

Bartley, A., Beddoe, L., Hashemi, L., Rahimi, M., & de Fossard, S. (2024). Social work students in Aotearoa New Zealand: The impacts of financial hardship on mental and social wellbeing. Social Work Education, 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/02615479.2024.2326540

Beddoe, L. (2018). Social work education in Aotearoa New Zealand: Building a profession. Practice, 30(4), 305–320. https://doi.org/10.1080/09503153.2018.1478955

Beddoe, L., Baker, M., Cox, K., & Ballantyne, N. (2023). Mental health struggles of social work students: Distress, stigma, and perseverance. Qualitative Social Work, 23(5), 813–832. https://doi.org/10.1177/14733250231212413

Beddoe, L., Hunt, S., Staniforth, B., & Cox, K. (2024). The impact of studying social work on student social wellbeing in Aotearoa New Zealand: Struggling with incongruent demands. Aotearoa New Zealand Social Work Journal, 36(4), 77–91. https://doi.org/10.11157/anzswj-vol36iss4id1214

Belich, J. (1997). Myth, race and identity in New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of History, 31(1), 9–22. https://muse.jhu.edu/article/874003

Borell, B., Moewaka Barnes, H., & McCreanor, T. (2018). Conceptualising historical privilege: The flip side of historical trauma, a brief examination. AlterNative: An International Journal of Indigenous Peoples, 14(1), 25–34. https://doi.org/10.1177/1177180117742202

Boulton, A. F., Levy, M., & Cvitanovic, L. (2020). Beyond Puao-te-Ata-tu: Realising the promise of a new day. Ngā Pae o te Māramatanga.

Cox, K. (2024). Scrapping Section 7AA of the Oranga Tamariki Act: An assault on Māori. Reimagining Social Work in Aotearoa. https://reimaginingsocialwork.nz/2024/05/29/scrapping-section-7aa-of-the-oranga-tamariki-act-an-assault-on-maori/

Crawford, H. S. (2016). A Pākehā journey towards bicultural practice through guilt, shame, identity and hope. Aotearoa New Zealand Social Work, 28(4), 80–88. https://doi.org/10.11157/anzswj-vol28iss4id300

DiAngelo, R. (2018). White fragility: Why it’s so hard for White people to talk about racism. Beacon Press.

Eketone, A., & Walker, S. (2015). Bicultural practice: Beyond mere tokenism. In K. V. Heugten & A. Gibbs (Eds.), Social work for sociologists: Theory and practice (pp. 103–119). Palgrave Macmillan.

Eketone, A. (2024). The empire strikes back: Māori and the 2023 coalition government. Aotearoa New Zealand Social Work, 36(4), 12–18. https://doi.org/10.11157/anzswj-vol36iss4id1237

Ellingham, J. (2025, March 15). Simeon Brown rejected officials' advice to have lower bowel screening age for Māori, Pasifika. Te Ao Māori News. https://www.teaonews.co.nz/2025/03/15/simeon-brown-rejected-officials-advice-to-have-lower-bowel-screening-age-for-maori-pasifika/

Glenn, E. N. (2015). Settler colonialism as structure: A framework for comparative studies of U.S. race and gender formation. Sociology of Race and Ethnicity, 1(1), 52–72. https://doi.org/10.1177/233264921456044

Hattotuwa, S. (2024). Disinformation, and influence operations around Treaty Principles Bill: A study of social media from 10-18 November 2024. LinkedIn. https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/disinformation-influence-operations-around-treaty-hattotuwa-ph-d--sll2c/?trackingId=fjyRxkDQSJ%2B%2BLWt6%2Bf9N2g%3D%3D

Haydon, J., & Ruwhiu, P. (2024). Day-break or groundhog day?: Pūao-te-Ata-tū and institutional racism in social service provision in Aotearoa New Zealand. Qualitative Social Work, 24(2-3), 163–179. https://doi.org/10.1177/14733250241307411

Hollis-English, A. (2012). Pūao-te-Āta-tū: Informing Māori social work since 1986. Aotearoa New Zealand Social Work, 24(3-4), 41–48. https://doi.org/10.3316/informit.266193183409521

Hyslop, I. (2017). Child protection in New Zealand: A history of the future. The British Journal of Social Work, 47(6), 1800–1817. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcx088

Keddell, E., & Hyslop, I. (2019). Ethnic inequalities in child welfare: The role of practitioner risk perceptions. Child & Family Social Work, 24(4), 409–420. https://doi.org/10.1111/cfs.12620

Love, A. (2022). Recognizing, understanding, and defining systemic and individual white supremacy. Women of Color Advancing Peace and Security. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4075353

McAllister, T. G., Kidman, J., Rowley, O., & Theodore, R. F. (2019). Why isn’t my professor Māori? MAI Journal, 8(2), 235–249. https://doi.org/10.20507/MAIJournal.2019.8.2.10

Mikaere, A. (2013). Colonising myths–Māori realities: He Rukuruku Whakaaro. Huia Publishers.

Māori Perspective Advisory Committee. (1988). Pūao te Ata tū (day break): the report of the Ministerial Advisory Committee on a Māori perspective for the Department of Social Welfare. Department of Social Welfare. https://msd.govt.nz/documents/about-msd-and-our-work/publications-resources/archive/1988-puaoteatatu.pdf

Moyle, P. (2014). Māori social workers’ experiences of care and protection: A selection of findings. Aotearoa New Zealand Social Work, 26(1), 55–64. https://doi.org/10.11157/anzswj-vol26iss1id55

Mutu, M. (2019). ”To honour the treaty, we must first settle colonisation” (Moana Jackson, 2015): The long road from colonial devastation to balance, peace and harmony. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 49(sup1), 4–18. https://doi.org/doi:10.1080/03036758.2019.1669670

Nayak, S. (2022). An intersectional model of reflection: Is social work fit for purpose in an intersectionally racist world? Critical and Radical Social Work, 10(2), 319–334. https://doi.org/10.1332/204986021X16555682461270

O’Malley, V., & Kidman, J. (2018). Settler colonial history, commemoration and white backlash: Remembering the New Zealand Wars. Settler Colonial Studies, 8(3), 298–313. https://doi.org/10.1080/2201473X.2017.1279831

Smith, H., Le Grice, J., Fonua, S., & Mayeda, D. T. (2022). Coloniality, institutional racism and white fragility: A wero to higher education. The Australian Journal of Indigenous Education, 51(2), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.55146/ajie.v51i2.34

Social Workers Registration Board. (2014). Code of conduct for social workers. New Zealand Government. https://swrb.govt.nz/practice/code-of-conduct/

Tascón, S., & Gatwiri, K. (2020). Towards cultural humility: Theorising cultural competence as institutionalised Whiteness. Social Work & Policy Studies: Social Justice, Practice and Theory, 3(1). https://openjournals.library.sydney.edu.au/SWPS/article/view/14406

Tascón, S. M., & Ife, J. (Eds.). (2019). Disrupting whiteness in social work. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429284182

Tecun, A., Lopesi, L., & Sankar, A. (2022). Towards a grammar of race in Aotearoa New Zealand. Bridget Williams Books.

Walker, R. (2004). Ka whawhai tonu mātou: Struggle without end. Penguin Books.

Webber, M., & O’Connor, T. (2022). A fire in the belly of Hineāmaru: A collection of narratives about Te Tai Tokerau tūpuna. Auckland University Press.

Wolfe, P. (2006). Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native. Journal of Genocide Research, 8(4), 387–409. https://doi.org/10.1080/14623520601056240

Downloads

Published

2025-06-12

Issue

Section

Commentary

How to Cite

Belk, R., Petrovic, L., & Joy, E. (2025). I just graduated—now what? A wero to social work education’s settler colonialism and White supremacy. Aotearoa New Zealand Social Work, 37(2), 136–144. https://doi.org/10.11157/anzswj-vol37iss2id1270