How well does the National Disability Insurance Scheme respond to the issues challenging Indigenous people with disability?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11157/anzswj-vol29iss4id281Keywords:
indigenous people, disability, social model, social policyAbstract
INTRODUCTION: The participation rates of Indigenous Australians in disability services were significantly lower than the prevalence of disability in Indigenous communities. The Australia’s National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) promises changes to the lives of Australians with disability in general and particularly for the Indigenous population living with disability. This article presents research exploring how the NDIS takes into consideration the issues challenging Indigenous people’s access to, and use of, disability services.
METHODS: The theoretical underpinning of the research drew on the social model of disability and post-colonial theory, which informed a systematic review of disability services for Indigenous people, an analysis of the current policy-making process and current NDIS legislation.
FINDINGS: The systematic literature review revealed the social, attitudinal, physical and communication barriers experienced by Indigenous people accessing and using disability services; however, the policy analysis of the NDIS indicates that the new legislation does not address these challenges faced by this multi-disadvantaged Australian population group.
CONCLUSION: This research highlights the urgent need for disability policy improvements and promotes further design of culturally appropriate healthcare for Indigenous populations, who are still “disabled”, not only by colonised histories but also through contemporary socio-economic marginalization.
References
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Disability Network of Queensland (ATSIDNQ). (2013). Submission (542) to Inquiry into the NDIS Bill 2012. Retrieved from http://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/Senate/Community_Affairs/Completed_inquiries/2010-13/ndis/submissions
Aboriginal Disability Justice Campaign (ADJC). (2012). Submission [503] to Inquiry into the NDIS Bill 2012. Retrieved from http://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/Senate/Community_Affairs/Completed_inquiries/2010-13/ndis/submissions
Ariotti, L. (1999). Social construction of Anangu disability. Australian Journal of Rural Health, 7(4), 216–222.
Australian Institute for Health and Welfare (AIHW). (2011). Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people with disability: Wellbeing, participation and support. Canberra. Retrieved from http://www.aihw.gov.au/publication-detail/?id=10737418977
Australian Institute for Health and Welfare (AIHW). (2015). The health and welfare of Australia’s Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples 2015. Cat. no. IHW 147. Retrieved from http://www.aihw.gov.au/WorkArea/DownloadAsset.aspx?id=60129551281
Besemeres, M., & Wierzbicka, A. (2007). Translating lives: Living with two languages and cultures. Brisbane, QLD: University of Queensland Press.
Biddle, N., Al-Yaman, F., Gourley, M., Gray, M., Bray, R., Brady, B.,... & Montaigne, M. (2012). Indigenous Australians and the National Disability Insurance Scheme: The extent and nature of disability, measurement issues and service delivery models. Canberra, ACT: Commonwealth of Australia.
Bohanna, I., Catherall, J., & Dingwall, K. (2013). Ensuring indigenous Australians with acquired brain injuries have equitable access to the National Disability Insurance Scheme. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 37(6), 503–598.
Browne, J., & Smye, V. (2002). A postcolonial analysis of health care discourses addressing Aboriginal women. International Journal of Research Methodology in Nursing and Health Care, 9(3), 28–41.
Browne, J., Smye, L., & Varcoe, C. (2005). The relevance of postcolonial theoretical perspectives to research in Aboriginal health. Canadian Journal of Nursing Research, 37(4), 16–37.
Carling-Jenkins, R. (2014). Disability and social movements: Learning from Australian experiences (Interdisciplinary Disability Studies). Aldershot, UK: Ashgate Publishing Group.
Clements, N., Clapton, J., & Chenoweth, L. (2010). Indigenous Australians and impaired decision-making capacity. Australian Journal of Social Issues, 45(3), 383–393.
Community Affairs Legislation Committee (CALC). (2013). National Disability Insurance Scheme Bill 2012 [Provisions]. Canberra. Retrieved from http://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/Senate_Committees?url=clac_ctte/completed_inquiries/2010-13/ndis/report/index.htm
Dew, A., Gallego, G., Bulkeley, K., Veitch, C., Brentnall, J., Lincoln, M., ... & Griffiths, S. (2014). Policy development and implementation for disability services in rural New South Wales, Australia. Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities, 11(3), 200–209.
DiGiacomo, M., Davidson, M., Abbott, P., Delaney, P., Dharmendra, T., McGrath, J., ... & Vincent, F. (2013). Childhood disability in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples: a literature review. International Journal for Equity in Health, 12(1), 7, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-9276-12-7
DiGiacomo, M., Delaney, P., Abbott, P., Davidson, M., Delaney, J., & Vincent, F. (2013). “Doing the hard yards”: Carer and provider focus group perspectives of accessing Aboriginal childhood disability services. BMC Health Services Research, 13(1), 326, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6963-13-326
Dingwall, M., Pinkerton, J., & Lindeman, A. (2013). “People like numbers”: A descriptive study of cognitive assessment methods in clinical practice for Aboriginal Australians in the Northern Territory. BMC Psychiatry, 13(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-244X-13-42
Farrelly, T., & Lumby, B. (2008). Aboriginal ageing and disability issues in South West and Inner West Sydney. Aboriginal and Islander Health Worker Journal, 32(5), 27–34.
Gething, L. (1994). Aboriginality and disability. Aboriginal and Islander Health Worker Journal, 18(3), 29–34.
Gilroy, J. (2009). The theory of the cultural interface and Indigenous people with disabilities in New South Wales. Balayi: Culture, Law and Colonialism, 10 (Nov 2009), 44–58.
Gilroy, J. (2010). History of Aboriginal People with disability in NSW: How are Aboriginal people with disability positioned and represented in the NSW disability services sector. Interaction, 24(1), 6–29.
Gilroy, J., Dew, A., Lincoln, M., & Hines, M. (2016). Need for an Australian indigenous disability workforce strategy: Review of the literature. Disability and Rehabilitation, 39(16), 1664–1673.
Gilroy, J., Donelly, M., Colmar, S., & Parmenter, T. (2013). Conceptual framework for policy and research development with Indigenous people with disabilities. Australian Aboriginal Studies, (2), 42-58.
Gilroy, J., Donelly, M., Colmar, S., & Parmenter, T. (2016). Twelve factors that can influence the participation of Aboriginal people in disability services. Australian Indigenous Health Bulletin, 16(1), 1–8. Retrieved from
http://healthbulletin.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/bulletin_original_articles_Gilroy.pdf
Gilroy, J., & Emerson, E. (2016). Australian indigenous children with low cognitive ability: Family and cultural participation. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 56, 117–127.
Glasson, J., Sullivan, G., Hussain, R., & Bittles, H. (2005). An assessment of intellectual disability among Aboriginal Australians. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 49(8), 626–634.
Green, A., Abbott, P., Delaney, P., Patradoon-Ho, P., Delaney, J., Davidson, M., & DiGiacomo, M. (2016). Navigating the journey of Aboriginal childhood disability: A qualitative study of carers’ interface with services. BMC Health Services Research, 16(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-016-1926-0
Green, A., DiGiacomo, M., Luckett, T., Abbott, P., Davidson, M., Delaney, J., & Delaney, P. (2014). Cross-sector collaborations in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander childhood disability: A systematic integrative review and theory-based synthesis. International Journal for Equity in Health, 13(1), 1–16.
Green, F. (2013). Not just existing but living life. Interaction: The Australian Magazine on Intellectual Disability, 27(1), 6–30.
Greenstein, C., Lowell, A., & Thomas, D. (2016a). Communication and context are important to Indigenous children with physical disability and their carers at a community-based physiotherapy service: A qualitative study. Journal of Physiotherapy, 62(1), 42–47.
Greenstein, C., Lowell, A., & Thomas, D. (2016b). Improving physiotherapy services to indigenous children with physical disability: Are client perspectives missed in the continuous quality improvement approach? Australian Journal of Rural Health, 24(3), 176–181.
Head, W. (2010). Reconsidering evidence-based policy: Key issues and challenges. Policy and Society, 29(2), 77–94.
Hersh, D., Armstrong, E., Panak, V., & Coombes, J. (2015). Speech-language pathology practices with Indigenous Australians with acquired communication disorders. International Journal of Speech-language Pathology, 17(1), 74–85.
Hollinsworth, D. (2013). Decolonizing Indigenous disability in Australia. Disability & Society, 28(5), 601–615.
Hughes, B. (2009). Disability activisms: Social model stalwarts and biological citizens. Disability & Society, 24(6), 677–688.
Hyde, Z., Flicker, L., Smith, K., Atkinson, D., Fenner, S., Skeaf, L., .... & Giudice, L. (2016). Prevalence and incidence of frailty in Aboriginal Australians, and associations with mortality and disability. Maturitas, 87, 89–94.
Joiner, I. (2006). Perhaps not yet: Policy making through citizen engagement. In M. A. McColl & L. Jongbloed (Eds.), Disability and social policy in Canada, (2nd ed., pp. 148–159). Concord, Ontario: Captus Press.
Kendall, E., & Marshall, A. (2004). Factors that prevent equitable access to rehabilitation for Aboriginal Australians with disabilities: The need for culturally safe rehabilitation. Rehabilitation Psychology, 49(1), 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0090-5550.49.1.5
King, A., Brough, M., & Knox, M. (2014). Negotiating disability and colonisation: The lived experience of indigenous Australians with a disability. Disability & Society, 29(5), 738–750.
Kirkham, R., & Anderson, M. (2002). Postcolonial nursing scholarship: From epistemology to method. Advances in Nursing Science, 25(1), 1–17.
Kuppers, P. (2013). Decolonizing disability, indigeneity, and poetic methods: Hanging out in Australia. Journal of Literary & Cultural Disability Studies, 7(2), 175–193.
Lin, B., O’Sullivan, B., Coffin, A., Mak, B., Toussaint, S., & Straker, M. (2012). “I am absolutely shattered”: The impact of chronic low back pain on Australian Aboriginal people. European Journal of Pain, 16(9), 1331–1341.
Lowell, A. (2013). “From your own thinking you can’t help us”: Intercultural collaboration to address inequities in services for indigenous Australians in response to the World Report on Disability. International Journal of Speech-language Pathology, 15(1), 101–105.
Maddison, S. (2012). Evidence and contestation in the Indigenous policy domain: Voice, ideology and institutional inequality. Australian Journal of Public Administration, 71(3), 269–277.
Maher, P. (1999). Disability in the Australian Aboriginal population. Australian Journal of Primary Health, 5(3), 10–20.
McClelland, A., & Marston, G. (2010). A framework for understanding and action. In A. McClelland, & P. Smyth (Eds), Social policy in Australia: Understanding for action (2nd ed., pp. 39–69). South Melbourne, VIC: Oxford University Press.
McConaghy, C. (2000). Rethinking indigenous education: Culturalism, colonialism and the politics of knowing. Brisbane, QLD: Post Pressed.
Medhora, S. (2016, February 10). Closing the Gap 2016 report: Indigenous infant mortality down, but no change in most targets. The Guardian. Retrieved from http://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2016/feb/10/closing-the-gap-2016-report-indigenous-infant-mortality-down-but-no-change-in-most-targets
Nagel, T., Thompson, C., & Spencer, N. (2008). Challenges to relapse prevention: Psychiatric care of indigenous in-patients. Australian e-Journal for the Advancement of Mental Health, 7(2), 112–120.
National Disability Insurance Agency (NDIA). (2016). First quarterly report: 2016-17 Q1 to the Council of Australian Governments (COAG) Disability Reform Council. Retrieved from https://www.ndis.gov.au/medias/documents/h60/hc1/8799138349086/Quarterly-Report-2016-17-Q1.pdf
National Disability Insurance Scheme Act (NDIS). (2013). Canberra, ACT: Australian Government. Retrieved from
https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2013A00020
National Ethnic Disability Alliance (NEDA). (2013). Submission (614) to Inquiry into the NDIS Bill 2012. Retrieved from http://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/Senate/Community_Affairs/Completed_inquiries/2010-13/ndis/submissions
Oliver, M. (1996). Understanding disability: From theory to practice. London, UK: Sage.
Parsell, C., Eggins, E., & Marston, G. (2016). Human agency and social work research: A systematic search and synthesis of social work literature. British Journal of Social Work, 47(1), 238–255.
Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues. (2013). Study on the situation of indigenous persons with disabilities (E/C.19/2013/6). Retrieved from http://www.un.org/disabilities/documents/ecosoc/e.c.19.2013.6.pdf
Popay, J., Roberts, H., Sowden, A., Petticrew, M., Arai, L., Rodgers, M., ... & Duffy, S. (2006). Guidance on the conduct of narrative synthesis in systematic reviews. ESRC Methods Programme, 15(1), 47–71.
Productivity Commission (PC). (2011). Disability care and support. (Report No. 54). Canberra, ACT: Author. Retrieved from
https://www.pc.gov.au/inquiries/completed/disability-support/report
Proof Committee Hansard. (2013a). Mr Griffiths, First Peoples Disability Network Australia. 25–28. Retrieved from http://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/Senate/Community_Affairs/Completed_inquiries/2010-13/ndis/report/footnotes
Proof Committee Hansard. (2013b). Ms Rankine, First Peoples Disability Network Australia. 31. Retrieved from http://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/Senate/Community_Affairs/Completed_inquiries/2010-13/ndis/report/footnotes
Proof Committee Hansard. (2013c). Mr Simpson, National Disability Services Western Australia. 18. Retrieved from http://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/Senate/Community_Affairs/Completed_inquiries/2010-13/ndis/report/footnotes
Roy, M., & Balaratnasingam, S. (2014). Intellectual disability and indigenous Australians: An overview. Asia‐Pacific Psychiatry, 6(4), 363–372.
Shakespeare, T. (2006). The social model of disability. The Disability Studies Reader, 2, 197–204.
Sloane, G. (2003). Changing perceptions of disability. Aboriginal and Islander Health Worker Journal, 27(2), 17–19.
Steering Committee for the Review of Government Service Provision. (2014). Overcoming indigenous disadvantage: Key indicators 2014. Canberra, ACT: Productivity Commission. Retrieved from
Stephens, A., Cullen, J., Massey, L., & Bohanna, I. (2014). Will the National Disability Insurance Scheme improve the lives of those most in need? Effective service delivery for people with acquired brain injury and other disabilities in remote Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities. Australian Journal of Public Administration, 73(2), 260–270.
Terzi, L. (2004). The social model of disability: A philosophical critique. Journal of Applied Philosophy, 21(2), 141–157.
Thomas, C. (2007). Sociologies of disability and illness: Contested ideas in disability studies and medical sociology. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan.
Vujcich, D., Rayner, M., Allender, S., & Fitzpatrick, R. (2016). When there is not enough evidence and when evidence is not enough: Australian Indigenous Smoking Policy study. Frontiers in Public Health, 4. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2016.00228
Wierzbicka, A. (1997). Understanding cultures through their key words: English, Russian, Polish, German, and Japanese (Vol. 8). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Wolstenholme, R. (1996). Caring for Aboriginal people with disabilities. Australian Disability Review, (3), 3–14.
Young, J. (2012). Postcolonial remains. New Literary History, 43(1), 19–42.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
By completing the online submission process, you confirm you accept this agreement. The following is the entire agreement between you and the Aotearoa New Zealand Association of Social Workers (ANZASW) and it may be modified only in writing.
You and any co-authors
If you are completing this agreement on behalf of co-authors, you confirm that you are acting on their behalf with their knowledge.
First publication
By submitting the work you are:
- granting the ANZASW the right of first publication of this work;
- confirming that the work is original; and
- confirming that the work has not been published in any other form.
Once published, you are free to use the final, accepted version in any way, as outlined below under Copyright.
Copyright
You assign copyright in the final, accepted version of your article to the ANZASW. You and any co-authors of the article retain the right to be identified as authors of the work.
The ANZASW will publish the final, accepted manuscript under a Creative Commons Attribution licence (CC BY 4.0). This licence allows anyone – including you – to share, copy, distribute, transmit, adapt and make commercial use of the work without needing additional permission, provided appropriate attribution is made to the original author or source.
A human-readable summary of the licence is available from http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0, which includes a link to the full licence text.
Under this licence you can use the final, published version of the article freely – such as depositing a copy in your institutional research repository, uploading a copy to your profile on an academic networking site or including it in a different publication, such as a collection of articles on a topic or in conference proceedings – provided that original publication in Aotearoa New Zealand Social Work is acknowledged.
This agreement has no effect on any pre-publication versions or elements, which remain entirely yours, and to which we claim no right.
Reviewers hold copyright in their own comments and should not be further copied in any way without their permission.
The copyright of others
If your article includes the copyright material of others (e.g. graphs, diagrams etc.), you confirm that your use either:
- falls within the limits of fair dealing for the purposes of criticism and review or fair use; OR
- that you have gained permission from the rights holder for publication in an open access journal.